Spatial Analysis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases Based on Climatic Factors and Population Density Using a GIS Approach in Bogor Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in Bogor Regency, West Java, where climatic variability and population density may influence transmission patterns. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of DHF cases in relation to climatic factors and population density using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. An ecological study design was applied using secondary data on DHF cases, climatic variables including air temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed, and population density at the sub-district level in 2023. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods, and spatial mapping was conducted with QGIS software. The results showed that 1,881 DHF cases were reported in Bogor Regency, with clear spatial variation across sub-districts. Higher morbidity rates were predominantly observed in densely populated and urbanized sub-districts such as Babakan Madang, Gunung Putri, Citeureup, and Cibinong, while lower rates occurred in less densely populated areas. These findings indicate that population density plays an important role in dengue transmission. GIS-based spatial analysis is effective for identifying high-risk areas and supporting targeted dengue surveillance and control strategies.